llama.cpp/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/ggml-decoder.cpp

#include "ggml-decoder.h"

#include "ggml-impl.h"
#include "ggml-openvino-extra.h"
#include "ggml-openvino.h"
#include "ggml-quants.h"
#include "ggml.h"
#include "utils.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <openvino/core/dimension.hpp>
#include <openvino/core/except.hpp>
#include <openvino/core/node.hpp>
#include <openvino/core/partial_shape.hpp>
#include <openvino/core/type/bfloat16.hpp>
#include <openvino/core/type/element_type.hpp>
#include <openvino/core/type/float16.hpp>
#include <openvino/op/constant.hpp>
#include <openvino/op/convert.hpp>
#include <openvino/runtime/tensor.hpp>
#include <ostream>
#include <set>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>

GgmlOvDecoder::GgmlOvDecoder(ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
                             ModelParams & model_params,
                             ComputeParams & compute_params,
                             std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & model_weights,
                             bool is_static,
                             bool is_stateful,
                             bool model_is_splitted,
                             bool is_prefill,
                             int prefill_chunk_size) :
    m_is_static(is_static),
    m_is_stateful(is_stateful),
    m_is_prefill(is_prefill),
    m_naive(false),
    m_prefill_chunk_size(prefill_chunk_size),
    m_model_is_splitted(model_is_splitted),
    m_cgraph(cgraph),
    m_model_weights(model_weights),
    m_model_params(model_params),
    m_compute_params(compute_params) {
    static bool printed_address_map = false;
    if (!printed_address_map) {
        if (ggml_openvino_getenv_int("GGML_OPENVINO_PRINT_CGRAPH_TENSOR_ADDRESS")) {
            printed_address_map = true;
            print_tensor_address_map(cgraph);
        }
    }

    validate_cgraph();

    set_input_output();
    compute_node_dynamic_dims();
    compute_model_inputs();
    compute_model_outputs();

    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_case = compute_op_case(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_type = compute_op_type(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
    }

    add_extra_inputs();
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::update_io(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
    m_cgraph = cgraph;
    m_model_inputs.clear();
    m_model_outputs.clear();
    m_node_info_list.clear();
    set_input_output();
    compute_model_inputs();
    compute_model_outputs();
}

GgmlOvDecoder::GgmlOvDecoder(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> & model_weights) {
    m_cgraph = cgraph;
    m_model_weights = model_weights;
    m_naive = true;
    set_input_output();
    compute_model_inputs();
    compute_model_outputs();
    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_case = compute_op_case(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
        m_node_info_list[node_n].node_op_type = compute_op_type(m_node_info_list[node_n].node);
    }
}

namespace {
bool is_inplace_op(const ggml_tensor * node) {
    return node->op == GGML_OP_SET_ROWS || node->op == GGML_OP_CPY || (node->op == GGML_OP_SCALE && node->view_src);
}

bool is_same_shape(const ggml_tensor * a, const ggml_tensor * b) {
    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
        if (a->ne[i] != b->ne[i]) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}

bool is_conv_states_all_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
    return tensor != nullptr && strncmp(tensor->name, "conv_states_all", strlen("conv_states_all")) == 0;
}

// CPY writing the tail of conv_input (the concat of the previous conv state and the new tokens)
// back into a slot block of the recurrent state cache. Detected structurally because the rollback
// variant (cparams.n_rs_seq > 0) emits one such CPY per snapshot slot without naming them.
bool is_conv_state_writeback(const ggml_tensor * node) {
    return node->op == GGML_OP_CPY && node->view_src != nullptr && GgmlOvDecoder::is_kvcache(node->view_src, nullptr) &&
           node->src[0] != nullptr && node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && node->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr &&
           node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_CONCAT && node->src[1] != nullptr && node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW &&
           node->src[1]->view_src == node->view_src;
}

// MoE expert aggregation (build_moe_ffn in llama-graph.cpp): each expert plane is
// `ggml_view_2d(experts, n_embd, n_tokens, experts->nb[2], i*experts->nb[1])` and the planes
// are summed with a chain of ADDs: moe_out = ((view_0 + view_1) + view_2) + ... + view_{n-1}.
// Detected structurally by walking the ADD chain and checking every leaf is a same-shape,
// same-stride VIEW of one common base tensor, indexed by a distinct expert-plane offset, and
// that the chain covers every plane of that base (leaf count == base->ne[1]). Only the
// outermost ADD of the chain satisfies this (inner ADDs see fewer leaves than base->ne[1]).
bool is_moe_expert_sum_add(const ggml_tensor * node) {
    std::vector<const ggml_tensor *> leaves;
    const ggml_tensor * cur = node;
    while (cur->op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
        if (cur->src[0] == nullptr || cur->src[1] == nullptr) {
            return false;
        }
        leaves.push_back(cur->src[1]);
        cur = cur->src[0];
    }
    leaves.push_back(cur);

    const ggml_tensor * base = nullptr;
    std::set<int64_t> plane_indices;
    for (const ggml_tensor * leaf : leaves) {
        if (leaf->op != GGML_OP_VIEW || leaf->src[0] == nullptr) {
            return false;
        }
        const ggml_tensor * leaf_base = leaf->src[0];
        if (base == nullptr) {
            base = leaf_base;
        } else if (leaf_base != base) {
            return false;
        }
        if (leaf->ne[0] != base->ne[0] || leaf->ne[1] != base->ne[2] || leaf->ne[2] != 1 || leaf->ne[3] != 1 ||
            leaf->nb[1] != base->nb[2]) {
            return false;
        }
        if (base->nb[1] == 0 || leaf->view_offs % base->nb[1] != 0) {
            return false;
        }
        int64_t plane = static_cast<int64_t>(leaf->view_offs / base->nb[1]);
        if (plane < 0 || plane >= base->ne[1] || !plane_indices.insert(plane).second) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return base != nullptr && base->ne[1] > 1 && plane_indices.size() == static_cast<size_t>(base->ne[1]);
}
}  // namespace

static std::string get_tensor_ov_name(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
    if (tensor == nullptr) {
        return "";
    }
    const size_t hash_pos = ggml_hash_find(&cgraph->visited_hash_set, tensor);
    if (((tensor->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_COMPUTE) || GgmlOvDecoder::is_kvcache(tensor, nullptr)) &&
        hash_pos != GGML_HASHSET_FULL && ggml_bitset_get(cgraph->visited_hash_set.used, hash_pos)) {
        return std::string(tensor->name) + "#" + std::to_string(hash_pos);
    }
    return tensor->name;
}

static std::string get_tensor_graph_input_ov_name(const GgmlOvDecoder * decoder,
                                                  const ggml_cgraph * cgraph,
                                                  const ggml_tensor * tensor,
                                                  const ggml_tensor * op) {
    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_pos(tensor, op)) {
        return "inp_pos";
    }
    if (GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_emb(tensor, op)) {
        return "embd";
    }
    if (decoder->is_stateful() && GgmlOvDecoder::is_inp_mask(tensor, op)) {
        return std::string(tensor->name).find("swa") == std::string::npos ? "self_kq_mask" : "self_kq_mask_swa";
    }
    return get_tensor_ov_name(cgraph, tensor);
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::set_input_output() {
    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < m_cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
        auto * node = m_cgraph->nodes[node_n];

        NodeInfo current_node_info;
        auto node_name = get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, node);

        current_node_info.node = node;
        current_node_info.node_name = node_name;
        current_node_info.node_op_case = 0;
        current_node_info.data_addr = node->data;

        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
            auto * src = node->src[i];
            if (src == nullptr) {
                continue;
            }
            auto src_name = get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, src);
            if (src->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT) {
                src_name = get_tensor_graph_input_ov_name(this, m_cgraph, src, node);
            }
            current_node_info.node_inputs[src_name] = src;
            current_node_info.node_inputs_names.push_back(src_name);

            if (src->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
                // Traverse upward through nested VIEW operations
                std::remove_reference_t<decltype(current_node_info.node_inputs_views[src_name])> view_chain;
                auto current = src;

                while (current != nullptr) {
                    auto current_name = get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, current);
                    if (current->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT) {
                        current_name = get_tensor_graph_input_ov_name(this, m_cgraph, current, node);
                    }
                    view_chain.emplace_back(current_name, current);
                    // If current src is also a VIEW, continue traversing
                    if (current->src[0] != nullptr && current->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
                        current = current->src[0];
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                // Assign all collected view inputs to node_inputs_views
                current_node_info.node_inputs_views[src_name] = view_chain;
            }
        }

        m_node_info_list.push_back(current_node_info);
    }
}

int GgmlOvDecoder::compute_op_case(const ggml_tensor * node) const {
    int op_case = 0;
    switch (node->op) {
    case GGML_OP_RESHAPE: {
        auto name = std::string(node->name);
        auto * src = node->src[0];
        if (src->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE && src->src[0]->ne[0] == node->ne[0] && src->src[0]->ne[1] == node->ne[1]) {
            op_case = 4;
        } else if (node->ne[0] * node->ne[1] == src->ne[0]) {
            op_case = 1;
        } else if (src->ne[0] * src->ne[1] == node->ne[0]) {
            op_case = 2;
            if (src->ne[2] * src->ne[3] == node->ne[1]) {
                op_case = 5;
            }
        } else if (src->ne[0] * src->ne[1] * src->ne[2] == node->ne[1]) {
            op_case = 3;
        } else if (name.find("linear_attn_qkv_mixed") == 0 || name.find("alpha") == 0) {
            op_case = 6;
        } else if (name.find("linear_attn_out") == 0) {
            op_case = 7;
        } else if (name.find("state_predelta") == 0) {
            op_case = 8;
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_PERMUTE: {
        if (node->src[0]->op != GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            op_case = 1;
        } else if (node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
            // kv cache tensor
            std::string src_name(node->view_src->name);
            int layer = extract_layer_from_name(src_name).value();
            if (ggml_is_contiguous(node->src[0])) {
                // -  19: [    64,     8,   256,     1] VIEW            cache_k_l0 (view)             [ 2,   128,  1024, 1048576]
                //         [   512,  1024,     1,     1]      0: NONE     cache_k_l0                    [ 2,  1024, 1048576, 1048576]
                // -  20: [    64,   256,     8,     1] PERMUTE         cache_k_l0 (view) (permuted)  [ 2,  1024,   128, 1048576]
                //         [    64,     8,   256,     1]      0: VIEW     cache_k_l0 (view)             [ 2,   128,  1024, 1048576]
                if (!is_swa_layer(layer)) {
                    op_case = 3;
                } else {
                    op_case = 4;
                }
            } else {
                // special case of cache v when `-fa off`
                // -  17: [   256,     8,    64,     1] VIEW            cache_v_l0 (view)             [ 2, 131072,  2048, 1048576]
                //         [   512,  1024,     1,     1]      0: NONE     cache_v_l0                   [ 2,  1024, 1048576, 1048576]
                // -  18: [   256,    64,     8,     1] PERMUTE         cache_v_l0 (view) (permuted)  [ 2,  2048, 131072, 1048576]
                //         [   256,     8,    64,     1]      0: VIEW     cache_v_l0 (view)            [ 2, 131072,  2048, 1048576]
                if (!is_swa_layer(layer)) {
                    op_case = 5;
                } else {
                    op_case = 6;
                }
            }
        } else {
            // rope'ed query tensor
            op_case = 2;
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT: {
        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            op_case = 3;
        } else if (node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) {
            // In the case of `-fa off`, softmax is used, v_trans=true, the dynamic dim is ne[0] for cache_v
            op_case = 2;
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS: {
        if (node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            // GET_ROWS gathering recurrent state cache rows via the inp->s_copy index list:
            // src[0] is a reshape of cache_r/cache_s, src[1] is a view of the s_copy leaf.
            // op_case 3: main view (active sequences, view offset 0)
            // op_case 4: extra view (defrag remainder, nonzero view offset)
            if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE && node->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr &&
                is_kvcache(node->src[0]->src[0], nullptr)) {
                op_case = node->src[1]->view_offs == 0 ? 1 : 2;
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
        const int mode = node->op_params[2];
        switch (mode) {
        case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX: {
            op_case = 1;
            break;
        }
        case GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE: {
            op_case = 2;
            break;
        }
        default:
            op_case = 0;
            break;
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_VIEW: {
        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            auto * src = node->src[0];
            if (ggml_nelements(node) != ggml_nelements(src)) {
                // throw std::runtime_error("Unsupported VIEW case");
            }
            op_case = 0;
            if (m_model_is_splitted && m_model_inputs.find(get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, src)) != m_model_inputs.end()) {
                op_case = 0;
            }
        }
        {
            auto * src = node->src[0];
            if (ggml_nelements(node) != ggml_nelements(src)) {
                // Case 4: select one slice on src dim1 (via view offset), keep src dim2 as output dim1.
                // Typical pattern:
                //   src: ne=[N, M, K, 1], nb=[b0, b1, b2, b3]
                //   dst: ne=[N, K, 1, 1], nb=[b0, b2, b3, b3]
                if (node->ne[0] == src->ne[0] && node->ne[1] == src->ne[2] && node->ne[2] == 1 &&
                    node->nb[0] == src->nb[0] && node->nb[1] == src->nb[2] && src->ne[1] > 1) {
                    op_case = 0;
                    break;
                }

                // General case 3: shape differs from source (one or more dims) and is handled as VIEW slicing.
                int diff_count = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                    if (node->ne[i] != src->ne[i]) {
                        diff_count++;
                    }
                    // if node ne[i] > src ne[i], case = 0
                    if (node->ne[i] > src->ne[i]) {
                        return 0;
                    }
                }
                if (diff_count >= 1) {
                    op_case = 0;
                }
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM: {
        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            if (is_same_shape(node->src[0]->src[0], node->src[0])) {
                op_case = 1;
            } else if (node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET) {
                op_case = 2;
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_CPY: {
        if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            if (node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET) {
                op_case = 1;
            } else if (is_conv_state_writeback(node)) {
                op_case = 2;
                break;
            } else if (is_conv_states_all_tensor(node->view_src) && node->src[1] != nullptr &&
                       node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && node->src[1]->view_src == node->view_src) {
                op_case = 4;
                break;
            }
        } else if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS && node->src[1] != nullptr &&
                   node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && node->src[1]->view_src != nullptr &&
                   is_kvcache(node->src[1]->view_src, nullptr)) {
            // s_copy defrag remainder writeback: gathered extra state rows copied back into the cache
            op_case = 3;
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_ADD: {
        if (is_moe_expert_sum_add(node)) {
            // Outermost ADD of a MoE expert-plane sum chain: translated as a single
            // ReduceSum over the base tensor instead of N-1 chained Adds over N Slices.
            op_case = 1;
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_SCALE: {
        if (node->view_src && node->buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_ANY) {
            op_case = 1;
        }
        break;
    }
    case GGML_OP_L2_NORM: {
        if (std::string(node->name).find("predelta") != std::string::npos) {
            op_case = 1;
        }
        break;
    }
    default:
        break;
    }
    return op_case;
}

std::optional<int> extract_layer_from_name(const std::string & name) {
    size_t pos1 = name.find("_l");
    if (pos1 == std::string::npos) {
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    pos1 += 2;
    size_t pos2 = name.find(' ', pos1);
    if (pos2 == std::string::npos) {
        pos2 = name.length();
    }
    std::string layer_str = name.substr(pos1, pos2 - pos1);
    int layer = std::stoi(layer_str);
    return layer;
}

std::pair<ModelParams, ComputeParams> GgmlOvDecoder::compute_llm_params(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, bool is_static) {
    ModelParams model_params;
    ComputeParams compute_params;
    auto get_attention_pattern_case = [](const ggml_tensor * node) -> int {
        if (node == nullptr) {
            return -1;
        }

        switch (node->op) {
        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
            if (node->src[0] == nullptr || node->src[1] == nullptr || node->src[3] == nullptr) {
                return -1;
            }
            switch (node->src[1]->op) {
            case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
                // case 0: node op is FLASH_ATTN_EXT, src 1 not null & op is PERMUTE & the permuted tensor src is the view of cache k
                if (node->src[1]->src[0] != nullptr && node->src[1]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
                    return 0;
                }
                break;
            case GGML_OP_CPY:
                // case 1: node op is FLASH_ATTN_EXT, src 1 not null & op is CPY & the copied tensor src is PERMUTE & the permuted tensor src is the view of cache k
                if (node->src[1]->src[0] != nullptr && node->src[1]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE &&
                    node->src[1]->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr && node->src[1]->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
                    return 1;
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }
            break;
        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
            // case 2: node op is SOFT_MAX, src 0 not null & op is MUL_MAT & the src 0 of MUL_MAT is PERMUTE & the permuted tensor src is the view of cache k
            if (node->src[0] != nullptr && node->src[1] != nullptr && node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT &&
                node->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr && node->src[0]->src[1] != nullptr &&
                node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE && node->src[0]->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr &&
                node->src[0]->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
                return 2;
            }
            // case 3: node op is SOFT_MAX, src 0 not null & op is ADD & the src 0 of ADD is MUL_MAT & the src 0 of MUL_MAT is PERMUTE
            if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_ADD && node->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr &&
                node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && node->src[0]->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr &&
                node->src[0]->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE) {
                return 3;
            }
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }

        return -1;
    };

    bool rope_seen = false;
    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        auto * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
        std::string name = std::string(node->name);
        const int attention_pattern_case = get_attention_pattern_case(node);
        if (attention_pattern_case != -1) {
            ggml_tensor * cache_k_permute = nullptr;
            ggml_tensor * mask = nullptr;

            switch (attention_pattern_case) {
            case 0:
                cache_k_permute = node->src[1];
                mask = node->src[3];
                break;
            case 1:
                cache_k_permute = node->src[1]->src[0];
                mask = node->src[3];
                break;
            case 2:
                cache_k_permute = node->src[0]->src[0];
                mask = node->src[1];
                break;
            case 3:
                cache_k_permute = node->src[0]->src[0]->src[0];
                mask = node->src[1];
                break;
            default:
                break;
            }

            assert(cache_k_permute != nullptr);

            model_params.head_size = cache_k_permute->ne[0];
            model_params.n_heads_kv = cache_k_permute->ne[2];
            compute_params.input_len = node->src[0]->ne[1];
            compute_params.token_len_per_seq = node->src[0]->ne[1];

            auto * cache_k_view = cache_k_permute->src[0];
            if (cache_k_view->op != GGML_OP_VIEW || mask == nullptr) {
                continue;
            }

            ggml_tensor * cache_k = cache_k_view->src[0];
            int layer = extract_layer_from_name(cache_k->name).value();

            std::string mask_name(mask->name);

            model_params.kv_buffer_ctx_id = ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_get_ctx_id(cache_k->buffer);
            if (mask_name.find("swa") != std::string::npos) {
                model_params.swa_layers.push_back(layer);
                model_params.ctx_per_seq_swa = cache_k->ne[1];
            } else {
                model_params.ctx_per_seq = cache_k->ne[1];
                model_params.n_seq = cache_k->ne[2];
            }

            compute_params.n_seq_active = mask->ne[3];
            auto seq_size = cache_k->ne[0] * cache_k->ne[1] * ggml_type_size(cache_k->type);
            size_t offset;
            memcpy(&offset, cache_k_view->op_params, sizeof(size_t));
            compute_params.seq_active_start = offset / seq_size;

            if (mask_name.find("swa") != std::string::npos) {
                compute_params.attention_size_swa = mask->ne[0];
            } else {
                compute_params.attention_size = mask->ne[0];
            }
            if (is_static) {
                compute_params.attention_size = model_params.ctx_per_seq;
                compute_params.attention_size_swa = model_params.ctx_per_seq_swa;
                compute_params.token_len_per_seq = 1;
            }
        }

        if (node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE &&
            node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && is_kvcache(node->src[0]->view_src, node->view_src)) {
            if (node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE && node->src[1]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW &&
                node->src[1]->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
                compute_params.attention_size = node->ne[0];
            }
        }

        // if the node op is TRANSPOSE and its input is PERMUTE and the source of the PERMUTE is VIEW, then get the attention size with the TRANSPOSE node ne[0] (in case no GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT)
        if (node->op == GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE && node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE &&
            node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            compute_params.attention_size = node->ne[0];
            if (is_static) {
                compute_params.attention_size = model_params.ctx_per_seq;
            }
        }
        if (node->op == GGML_OP_ROPE) {
            if (compute_params.token_len_per_seq == -1 && node->src[1] != nullptr) {
                compute_params.token_len_per_seq = ggml_nelements(node->src[1]);
            }

            // When multiple ROPE ops in the graph disagree on op_params (e.g. gemma4's
            // mixed SWA/non-SWA layers with different n_dims or freq_base), we cannot
            // share a single precomputed rope_sin/rope_cos. Track divergence so the
            // translator falls back to per-op make_sin_cos in that case.
            static_assert(sizeof(model_params.rope_params) == sizeof(int32_t) * 15, "rope_params size");
            if (!rope_seen) {
                memcpy(model_params.rope_params, node->op_params, sizeof(int32_t) * 15);
                rope_seen = true;
            } else if (memcmp(model_params.rope_params, node->op_params, sizeof(int32_t) * 15) != 0) {
                model_params.mixed_rope_params = true;
            }
        }
        if (node->op == GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET) {
            model_params.state_size = node->src[0]->ne[0];
        }
        if (node->op == GGML_OP_SCALE && node->view_src != nullptr && is_kvcache(node->view_src, nullptr)) {
            compute_params.cache_rs_reset_len = ggml_nelements(node) / node->view_src->ne[0];
            compute_params.cache_rs_reset_idx = node->src[0]->view_offs / node->view_src->ne[0];
        }
        // Capture the destination slot block of every recurrent state cache writeback, plus the
        // conv_input window the conv state writeback copies. The active sequences occupy a
        // contiguous slot block [begin, begin + n_seqs) of the cache; the block and the window move
        // with the batch, so they are fed to the cached model as runtime inputs.
        if (node->op == GGML_OP_CPY && node->view_src != nullptr && is_kvcache(node->view_src, nullptr) &&
            node->src[1] != nullptr && node->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && node->src[1]->view_src == node->view_src) {
            const bool is_conv = is_conv_state_writeback(node);
            const bool is_gdn = node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && node->src[0]->src[0] != nullptr &&
                                node->src[0]->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET;
            const bool is_extra = node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS;

            const ggml_tensor * dest_view = node->src[1];
            const ggml_tensor * cache = node->view_src;
            const size_t row_bytes = cache->ne[0] * ggml_type_size(cache->type);
            if (row_bytes > 0 && (is_conv || is_gdn || is_extra)) {
                ComputeParams::RsWriteback writeback;
                writeback.slot_begin = (int) (dest_view->view_offs / row_bytes);
                if (is_conv) {
                    // conv_input column the copied window starts at
                    writeback.src_begin = (int) (node->src[0]->view_offs / node->src[0]->view_src->nb[0]);
                } else if (is_gdn) {
                    // first row of the state part of the gated-delta-net output
                    writeback.src_begin = (int) (node->src[0]->view_offs / node->src[0]->view_src->nb[1]);
                }
                compute_params.rs_writebacks[get_tensor_ov_name(cgraph, node)] = writeback;
            }
            if (is_conv || is_gdn) {
                compute_params.s_copy_active_slot_len = (int) dest_view->ne[1];
            }
        }
    }
    auto * output_tensor = cgraph->nodes[cgraph->n_nodes - 1];
    compute_params.output_len = output_tensor->ne[1];
    // for NPU, output_len is always 1 except for llama-perplexity
    if (is_static && compute_params.output_len == 0) {
        compute_params.output_len = 1;
    }
    model_params.ctx = model_params.ctx_per_seq * model_params.n_seq;
    return {model_params, compute_params};
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::validate_cgraph() const {
    if (m_model_params.n_seq > 1 && m_is_static == true) {
        throw std::runtime_error("n_seq > 1 is not supported on NPU. Try setting -np 1.");
    }
}

ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_graph_input_shape(const ggml_tensor * op,
                                                      const ggml_tensor * input,
                                                      int dynamic_dim_index) const {
    if (m_naive) {
        return input != nullptr ? ov::PartialShape{get_shape(input)} : ov::PartialShape{get_shape(op)};
    }
    auto name = std::string(input->name);
    ov::PartialShape input_shape;

    if (is_inp_tok(input, op) || is_inp_pos(input, op)) {
        // tokens or positions
        int len = m_is_static ? (m_is_prefill ? m_prefill_chunk_size : 1) : -1;
        if (m_is_static && is_inp_pos(input, op)) {
            // IMROPE stacks n_planes (t/h/w/e) position planes back to back
            len *= get_inp_pos_n_planes(op);
        }
        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, 1, len};

    } else if (is_output_idx(input, op)) {
        // output index
        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, 1, m_is_static ? m_compute_params.output_len : -1};

    } else if (is_inp_mask(input, op)) {
        // mask
        if (m_is_static) {
            input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, m_is_prefill ? m_prefill_chunk_size : 1, m_model_params.ctx};
        } else if (m_is_stateful) {
            input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, -1, -1};
        } else {
            input_shape = ov::PartialShape{-1, 1, -1, -1};
        }

    } else if (is_kvcache(input, op)) {
        // kvcache
        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{get_shape(input)};
        if (!m_is_static) {
            // do not fix ctx size to make llama-bench work across test params
            input_shape[2] = -1;
        }
        if (is_stateful()) {
            // Convert stateless KV cache layout [1, 1, seq, n_heads_kv * head_size]
            // to stateful layout [1, seq, n_heads_kv, head_size].
            assert(input_shape.size() == 4 && input_shape[0] == 1 && input_shape[1] == 1 &&
                   input_shape[2].is_dynamic() &&
                   input_shape[3] == (m_model_params.n_heads_kv * m_model_params.head_size));
            input_shape = {input_shape[0], ov::Dimension::dynamic(), m_model_params.n_heads_kv,
                           m_model_params.head_size};
        }

    } else if (is_kv_idx(input, op)) {
        // kv update index
        int len = m_is_static ? (m_is_prefill ? m_prefill_chunk_size : 1) : -1;
        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, 1, len};

    } else if (is_inp_s_copy(input, op) || is_s_copy_leaf(input)) {
        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{1, 1, 1, -1};

    } else {
        input_shape = ov::PartialShape{get_shape(input)};
    }
    if (dynamic_dim_index != -1 && m_model_is_splitted) {
        input_shape[3 - dynamic_dim_index] = -1;
    }
    if (op->op == GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX && op->src[1] != nullptr && op->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_NONE &&
        op->src[1]->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT && op->src[1] == input) {
        // for softmax input mask, the shape is [1, 1, seq_active, seq_active], where seq_active is determined by the input active sequence length instead of the kv cache sequence length
        input_shape[2] = -1;
        input_shape[3] = -1;
    }
    return input_shape;
}

bool GgmlOvDecoder::is_s_copy_leaf(const ggml_tensor * tensor) const {
    if (tensor == nullptr || tensor->op != GGML_OP_NONE || m_cgraph == nullptr) {
        return false;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        const ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
        if (node->op != GGML_OP_GET_ROWS || node->src[0] == nullptr || node->src[1] == nullptr) {
            continue;
        }
        // The index list may reach the s_copy leaf through one or more VIEWs.
        const ggml_tensor * idx = node->src[1];
        while (idx != nullptr && idx->op == GGML_OP_VIEW) {
            idx = idx->src[0];
        }
        if (idx != tensor) {
            continue;
        }
        // The gathered data must be a recurrent state cache (cache_r/cache_s).
        const ggml_tensor * data = node->src[0];
        while (data != nullptr && (data->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || data->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE)) {
            data = data->src[0];
        }
        if (data != nullptr && is_kvcache(data, nullptr)) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::add_extra_inputs() {
    // Extra inputs:
    // 1. `attention_size`, used in FLASH_ATTN where the shape of the matmul's are 256 aligned,
    //     see llama_kv_cache_unified::get_n_kv and llama_kv_cache_unified::get_padding.
    // 2. `n_seq_active` and `seq_active_start`, used in FLASH_ATTN_EXT to indicate the active sequences in the batch

    auto create_1d_input = [this](const std::string & name, int64_t value) {
        m_model_extra_inputs[name] = {ov::element::i64, ov::Shape{1}, value, !m_is_static};
    };

    if (m_compute_params.attention_size != -1) {
        create_1d_input("attention_size", m_compute_params.attention_size);
    }
    if (m_compute_params.attention_size_swa != -1) {
        create_1d_input("attention_size_swa", m_compute_params.attention_size_swa);
    }
    create_1d_input("n_seq_active", m_compute_params.n_seq_active);
    create_1d_input("seq_active_start", m_compute_params.seq_active_start);
    create_1d_input("seq_active_end", m_compute_params.seq_active_start + m_compute_params.n_seq_active);
    if (m_compute_params.token_len_per_seq != -1) {
        create_1d_input("token_len_per_seq", m_compute_params.token_len_per_seq);
    }
    // create_1d_input("token_len", m_compute_params.token_len_per_seq * m_compute_params.n_seq_active);

    if (m_compute_params.cache_rs_reset_idx != -1) {
        create_1d_input("cache_rs_reset_idx", m_compute_params.cache_rs_reset_idx);
        create_1d_input("cache_rs_reset_len", m_compute_params.cache_rs_reset_len);
    }

    if (m_compute_params.s_copy_active_slot_len != -1) {
        create_1d_input("s_copy_active_slot_len", m_compute_params.s_copy_active_slot_len);
    }

    for (const auto & [node_name, writeback] : m_compute_params.rs_writebacks) {
        create_1d_input("rs_slot_begin_" + node_name, writeback.slot_begin);
        create_1d_input("rs_src_begin_" + node_name, writeback.src_begin);
    }
}

bool GgmlOvDecoder::node_is_used_as_src(const int node_idx) {
    ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
    for (int i = node_idx; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        ggml_tensor * other_node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
            if (other_node->src[j] == node) {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::compute_model_inputs() {
    m_model_inputs.clear();
    m_inputs.clear();
    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
        // the node op is NONE means this node maybe as input of later nodes, we should add it to model inputs for this node.
        if (node->op == GGML_OP_NONE && node_is_used_as_src(i)) {
            std::string node_name = get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, node);
            if (m_model_weights.find(node_name) == m_model_weights.end()) {
                m_inputs[node_name] = node;
                m_model_inputs[node_name] = {get_ov_type(node),
                                             get_graph_input_shape(node, nullptr, m_node_dynamic_dims[node])};
            }
            continue;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
            auto * src = node->src[i];
            if (src == nullptr) {
                continue;
            }
            std::string src_name = get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, src);
            if (src->flags & GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_INPUT) {
                src_name = get_tensor_graph_input_ov_name(this, m_cgraph, src, node);
            }
            if (m_model_weights.find(src_name) != m_model_weights.end()) {
                continue;
            }

            bool is_intermediate_node = false;
            for (const auto & node_info : m_node_info_list) {
                if (node_info.node == src) {
                    is_intermediate_node = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (is_intermediate_node) {
                continue;
            }
            if (m_model_inputs.find(src_name) != m_model_inputs.end()) {
                continue;
            }

            m_inputs[src_name] = src;

            ggml_backend_buffer * buffer = src->buffer;
            // GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_ANY are kv caches
            if (buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_ANY) {
                if (auto it = std::find(m_model_params.kv_names.begin(), m_model_params.kv_names.end(), src_name);
                    it == m_model_params.kv_names.end()) {
                    m_model_params.kv_names.push_back(src_name);
                }
            }
            // Resolve nested VIEW nodes by following src[0] until the first non-VIEW tensor.
            while (src->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && src->src[0] != nullptr) {
                src = src->src[0];
                src_name = get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, src);
            }
            m_inputs[src_name] = src;
            m_model_inputs[src_name] = {get_ov_type(src),
                                        get_graph_input_shape(node, src, m_node_dynamic_dims[src])};
        }
    }
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::compute_model_outputs() {
    m_model_outputs.clear();
    m_model_output_names.clear();
    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < m_cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
        auto * cur_node = m_cgraph->nodes[node_n];
        // if the node op is NONE means this node is not used at all, we can skip it directly without adding to model outputs.
        if (cur_node->op == GGML_OP_NONE || cur_node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW || cur_node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE) {
            continue;
        }
        auto cur_node_use_count = m_cgraph->use_counts[ggml_hash_find(&m_cgraph->visited_hash_set, cur_node)];
        if (cur_node_use_count == 0) {
            // The output of in-place ops is the view_src tensor, which is updated in place. We should use the view_src name as the output name to make sure it can be correctly matched with the later ops that use the view_src.
            if (cur_node != nullptr && ::is_inplace_op(cur_node) && ggml_nbytes(cur_node) > 0) {
                cur_node = cur_node->view_src;
            }
        } else {
            int input_use_count = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
                ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
                for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
                    if (node->src[j] != NULL && node->src[j] == cur_node) {
                        input_use_count++;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (input_use_count == cur_node_use_count) {
                cur_node = nullptr;
            }
        }
        if (cur_node != nullptr) {
            std::string cur_node_name = get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, cur_node);
            m_model_outputs[cur_node_name] = cur_node;
            m_model_output_names.insert(cur_node_name);
        }
    }
}

const ggml_tensor * GgmlOvDecoder::get_tensor_used_op(const ggml_tensor * tensor) const {
    if (tensor == nullptr) {
        return nullptr;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        const auto * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
            if (node->src[j] == tensor) {
                return node;
            }
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

const ggml_tensor * GgmlOvDecoder::get_tensor_from_name(const std::string & name) const {
    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        const auto * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
            const auto * src = node->src[j];
            if (src == nullptr) {
                break;
            }
            if (get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, src) == name) {
                return src;
            }
        }
    }
    return nullptr;
}

std::map<std::string, std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::get_kv_param_res_names() const {
    std::map<std::string, std::string> kv_param_res_names;
    for (const auto & name : m_model_params.kv_names) {
        kv_param_res_names[name] = name;
    }
    return kv_param_res_names;
}

// MUL_MAT_ID's src[0] is the [k, m, n_expert] expert-weight tensor. It is always a constant per-expert
// weight table -- never a computed activation -- regardless of whether the backend happened to mark its
// buffer as GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS (test-backend-ops, for example, never sets that usage
// flag, unlike real inference). Without this, non-quantized (F16/F32/BF16) expert weights would fall
// through the check below as "not a weight", get decoded as a Parameter/activation instead of a
// Constant, and crash GatherMatmul's "only constant weights are supported" check.
static bool is_mul_mat_id_expert_weight(const ggml_tensor * node, int src_index) {
    return node->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID && src_index == 0;
}

std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_nodes(ggml_cgraph * cgraph, bool naive) {
    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> model_weights;
    auto * nodes = cgraph->nodes;
    auto n_nodes = cgraph->n_nodes;
    for (int node_i = 0; node_i < n_nodes; node_i++) {
        auto * node = nodes[node_i];
        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
            auto * src = node->src[i];
            if (src == nullptr) {
                continue;
            }

            std::string src_name = get_tensor_ov_name(cgraph, src);
            if (is_rope_freqs_weight(src, node)) {
                src_name = "rope_freqs.weight";
            }
            if (!src->view_src) {
                ggml_backend_buffer * buffer = src->buffer;
                if (buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS || ggml_is_quantized(src->type) ||
                    is_mul_mat_id_expert_weight(node, i)) {
                    if (model_weights.find(src_name) == model_weights.end()) {
                        auto weight_node = create_weight_node(src, naive);
                        weight_node->set_friendly_name(src_name);
                        model_weights[src_name] = weight_node;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return model_weights;
}

// Process-lifetime cache for weight nodes built from NON-OpenVINO buffers (e.g. the
// token_embd.weight copy that lives in a CPU/mmap buffer and feeds GET_ROWS). Such
// tensors have no OV buffer context to own a cached extra, so without this they are
// re-extracted/re-requantized on every (re)compile — for token_embd that is a ~1-2 GB
// F32 dequant each time. Keyed by tensor->data, which is stable for the process and
// uniquely identifies the immutable weight bytes. OV-buffer weights keep using the
// per-tensor extra cache and never reach here.
static std::mutex g_nonov_weight_cache_mutex;
static std::unordered_map<const void *, std::shared_ptr<ov::Node>> g_nonov_weight_cache;

std::set<std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::collect_weight_names(ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
    // Mirrors the name-selection logic of create_weight_nodes() but builds no nodes,
    // so topology checks don't trigger weight extraction/requantization.
    std::set<std::string> names;
    for (int node_i = 0; node_i < cgraph->n_nodes; node_i++) {
        auto * node = cgraph->nodes[node_i];
        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
            auto * src = node->src[i];
            if (src == nullptr) {
                continue;
            }
            std::string src_name(src->name);
            if (is_rope_freqs_weight(src, node)) {
                src_name = "rope_freqs.weight";
            }
            if (!src->view_src) {
                ggml_backend_buffer * buffer = src->buffer;
                if (buffer->usage == GGML_BACKEND_BUFFER_USAGE_WEIGHTS || ggml_is_quantized(src->type)) {
                    names.insert(src_name);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return names;
}

std::shared_ptr<ov::Node> GgmlOvDecoder::create_weight_node(ggml_tensor * tensor, bool naive) {
    const bool is_ov_buffer = ggml_backend_buffer_is_openvino(tensor->buffer);

    // Check if we have a pre-built constant from the OpenVINO backend buffer
    // This is set during ggml_backend_openvino_buffer_set_tensor
    if (tensor->extra) {
        OPENVINO_ASSERT(is_ov_buffer, "Unsupported weight tensor: " + std::string(tensor->name) +
                                          " Possibly this is a cpu backend repacked quantized weights");
        // Cast to our extra base type and check the type
        auto * extra_base = static_cast<ggml_openvino_extra_base *>(tensor->extra);

        if (extra_base->type == ggml_openvino_extra_base::Type::WEIGHT) {
            // F16/F32/BF16 weight with shared-memory constant
            auto * weight_extra = static_cast<ggml_openvino_weight_extra *>(tensor->extra);
            if (weight_extra->weight_node) {
                // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: using pre-built weight node for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
                return weight_extra->weight_node;
            }
        } else if (extra_base->type == ggml_openvino_extra_base::Type::QUANTIZED_WEIGHT) {
            // Quantized weight with pre-extracted data
            auto * quant_extra = static_cast<ggml_openvino_quantized_weight_extra *>(tensor->extra);
            if (quant_extra->weight_node) {
                // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: using pre-extracted quantized weight node for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
                return quant_extra->weight_node;
            }
        }
    }

    // MUL_MAT_ID expert weights are 3D GGML tensors [k, m, n_expert].
    // Keep the full reversed 4D shape when materializing non-quantized constants,
    // otherwise the expert dimension is collapsed and later Gather/MatMul logic
    // only sees a single expert slice.
    if (!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type) && (tensor->ne[2] > 1 || tensor->ne[3] > 1)) {
        auto weight_tensor = ov::Tensor(get_ov_type(tensor), get_shape(tensor), tensor->data);
        auto weight_node = std::make_shared<ov::op::v0::Constant>(weight_tensor);
        weight_node->set_friendly_name(tensor->name);
        return weight_node;
    }

    // Non-OV-buffer weights (CPU/mmap, e.g. the GET_ROWS token_embd copy) have no buffer
    // context to cache an extra in, so memoize them here keyed by their (stable) data
    // pointer to avoid re-extracting on every recompile. Opt-in via
    // GGML_OPENVINO_REDUCE_COMPILE_MEM or GGML_OPENVINO_MEMORY_OPTIMIZE. Skip
    // for `naive` (test/naive path) since use_bias changes the produced node.
    const bool cacheable_nonov = ggml_openvino_reduce_compile_mem_enabled() && !is_ov_buffer &&
                                 !naive && tensor->data != nullptr;
    if (cacheable_nonov) {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_nonov_weight_cache_mutex);
        auto it = g_nonov_weight_cache.find(tensor->data);
        if (it != g_nonov_weight_cache.end()) {
            return it->second;
        }
    }

    // There are three cases where we need to create a new weight node:
    // 1. weights are in openvino_host_buffer. Weight loading to host buffer will not trigger backend_buffer_set_tensor
    // 2. weights are in cpu/cpu_mapped buffer. On token_embd.weight goes to case 1 or 2, depending on whether mmap or direct_io is used
    // 3. test-backend-ops. buffers in test-backend-ops does not set USAGE_WEIGHT so backend_buffer_set_tensor will not create weight node

    // GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: creating new weight node for %s\n", __func__, tensor->name);
    static const std::set<ggml_type> weight_types = {GGML_TYPE_F32,  GGML_TYPE_F16,  GGML_TYPE_BF16, GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
                                                     GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, GGML_TYPE_Q4_K,
                                                     GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, GGML_TYPE_MXFP4};
    if (weight_types.find(tensor->type) == weight_types.end()) {
        throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected weight tensor type: " + std::string(tensor->name) + " with type " +
                                 ggml_type_name(tensor->type));
    }

    OvWeight ov_weight;
    if (ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type)) {
        auto use_bias = naive;
        if (is_ov_buffer) {
            // For quantized weights, copy raw data to a temp buffer first because
            // process_weight_tensor reads from data and writes extracted results
            // (weights/scales/zp) to output_base_ptr — they would overlap if both
            // point to tensor->data.
            size_t raw_size = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
            std::vector<uint8_t> tmp(raw_size);
            memcpy(tmp.data(), tensor->data, raw_size);
            ov_weight = process_weight_tensor(tensor, tmp.data(), tensor->data, use_bias);
        } else {
            ov_weight = process_weight_tensor(tensor, tensor->data, nullptr, use_bias);
        }
    } else {
        // For non-quantized weights (F16/F32/BF16), data is already in tensor->data.
        // process_weight_tensor will create an ov::Tensor wrapping tensor->data directly.
        ov_weight = process_weight_tensor(tensor, tensor->data, tensor->data);
    }

    ov_weight.weight_node->set_friendly_name(tensor->name);
    if (!is_ov_buffer) {
        if (cacheable_nonov) {
            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_nonov_weight_cache_mutex);
            // Another thread may have inserted concurrently; keep the first.
            auto [it, inserted] = g_nonov_weight_cache.emplace(tensor->data, ov_weight.weight_node);
            return it->second;
        }
        return ov_weight.weight_node;
    }

    ggml_openvino_extra_base * extra;
    if (ov_weight.is_quantized()) {
        extra = new ggml_openvino_quantized_weight_extra(std::move(ov_weight.weights), std::move(ov_weight.scales),
                                                         std::move(ov_weight.zp), ov_weight.weight_node);
    } else {
        extra = new ggml_openvino_weight_extra(std::move(ov_weight.weights), ov_weight.weight_node);
    }
    ggml_openvino_buffer_register_extra(tensor, extra);

    return ov_weight.weight_node;
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::dump_cgraph(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph, std::string & filename) {
    std::ofstream file(filename);
    if (!file.is_open()) {
        std::cerr << "Failed to open file" << std::endl;
        return;
    }

    file << "=== GRAPH ===\n";

    // clang-format off
    file << "n_nodes = " << cgraph->n_nodes << "\n";
    file << " " << std::setw(3) << "nodes"
                <<  std::setw(15) << "shape"
                << std::setw(20) << "op"
                << std::setw(20) << "name"
                << std::setw(3) << "    "
                << std::setw(62) << "stride"
                << std::setw(20) << "buffer_type"
                << "\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];

        // Get buffer type name
        const char * buf_name = "none";
        ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = node->view_src ? node->view_src->buffer : node->buffer;
        if (buf) {
            buf_name = ggml_backend_buffer_name(buf);
        }

        file << " - " << std::setw(3) << i << ": [ "
             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[0] << ", "
             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[1] << ", "
             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[2] << ", "
             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[3] << "] "
             << std::left << std::setw(20) << ggml_op_name(node->op) << std::right << " "
             << std::left << std::setw(45) << node->name << std::right
             << std::setw(2) << "[ "
             << std::setw(0) << node->nb[0] << ", "
             << std::setw(5) << node->nb[1] << ", "
             << std::setw(5) << node->nb[2] << ", "
             << std::setw(5) << node->nb[3] << "] "
             << std::right << std::setw(15) << buf_name << std::right
             << "\n";

        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
            if (auto* src = node->src[i]) {
                // Get buffer type name for source
                const char * src_buf_name = "none";
                ggml_backend_buffer_t src_buf = src->view_src ? src->view_src->buffer : src->buffer;
                if (src_buf) {
                    src_buf_name = ggml_backend_buffer_name(src_buf);
                }

                file << std::setw(10) << " [ "
                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[0] << ", "
                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[1] << ", "
                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[2] << ", "
                << std::setw(5) << src->ne[3] << "] "
                << std::setw(12)
                << i << ": " << std::left << std::setw(12) << ggml_op_name(src->op) << std::right;
                file << std::left << std::setw(30) << src->name << std::right
                << std::setw(16) << "[ "
                << std::setw(0) << src->nb[0] << ", "
                << std::setw(5) << src->nb[1] << ", "
                << std::setw(5) << src->nb[2] << ", "
                << std::setw(5) << src->nb[3] << "] "
                << std::right << std::setw(15) << src_buf_name << std::right
                << "\n";
            }
        }
    }

    file << "n_leafs = " << cgraph->n_leafs << "\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_leafs; i++) {
        ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->leafs[i];

        // Get buffer type name for leaf
        const char * leaf_buf_name = "none";
        ggml_backend_buffer_t leaf_buf = node->view_src ? node->view_src->buffer : node->buffer;
        if (leaf_buf) {
            leaf_buf_name = ggml_backend_buffer_name(leaf_buf);
        }

        file << " - " << std::setw(3) << i << ": [ "
             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[0] << ", "
             << std::setw(5) << node->ne[1] << "] "
             << std::setw(8) << ggml_op_name(node->op) << " "
             << std::setw(16) << ggml_get_name(node)
             << std::setw(20) << leaf_buf_name << "\n";
    }
    // clang-format on
    file << "========================================\n";

    file.close();
}

void print_tensor_address_map(const ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
    std::map<void *, std::vector<std::string>> address_map;
    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes; node_n++) {
        auto * node = cgraph->nodes[node_n];
        if (node->data) {
            auto it = address_map.find(node->data);
            if (it == address_map.end()) {
                address_map[node->data] = std::vector<std::string>();
            }
            address_map[node->data].push_back(node->name);
        }
    }
    for (const auto & pair : address_map) {
        std::cout << "Address: " << pair.first << std::endl;
        for (const auto & name : pair.second) {
            std::cout << name << " ; ";
        }
        std::cout << std::endl << std::endl;
    }
}

ov::Shape GgmlOvDecoder::get_shape(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
    std::vector<size_t> shape;
    for (int i = GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
        shape.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(tensor->ne[i]));
    }
    return shape;
}

std::vector<size_t> GgmlOvDecoder::get_stride(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
    std::vector<size_t> stride;
    for (int i = GGML_MAX_DIMS - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
        stride.push_back(static_cast<size_t>(tensor->nb[i]));
    }
    return stride;
}

ov::element::Type GgmlOvDecoder::get_ov_type(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
    switch (tensor->type) {
    case GGML_TYPE_F64:
        return ov::element::f64;
    case GGML_TYPE_F32:
        return ov::element::f32;
    case GGML_TYPE_F16:
        return ov::element::f16;
    case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
        return ov::element::bf16;
    case GGML_TYPE_I8:
        return ov::element::i8;
    case GGML_TYPE_I16:
        return ov::element::i16;
    case GGML_TYPE_I32:
        return ov::element::i32;
    case GGML_TYPE_I64:
        return ov::element::i64;
    default:
        return ov::element::dynamic;
    }
}

ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_shape(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
    return ov::PartialShape(get_shape(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name)));
}

std::vector<size_t> GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_stride(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
    return get_stride(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name));
}

size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_size(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        return it->second.size();
    }
    return 0;
}

size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_offset(int node_idx, const std::string & name, size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            return it->second[view_index].second->view_offs;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_src_offset(int node_idx, const std::string & name, size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            auto * view_tensor = it->second[view_index].second;
            if (view_tensor && view_tensor->src[0]) {
                return view_tensor->src[0]->view_offs;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

std::vector<size_t> GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_stride(int node_idx,
                                                         const std::string & name,
                                                         size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            return get_stride(it->second[view_index].second);
        }
    }
    return {};
}

std::vector<size_t> GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_src_stride(int node_idx,
                                                             const std::string & name,
                                                             size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            auto * view_tensor = it->second[view_index].second;
            if (view_tensor && view_tensor->src[0]) {
                return get_stride(view_tensor->src[0]);
            }
        }
    }
    return {};
}

ov::Shape GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_ggml_shape(int node_idx, const std::string & name, size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            return get_shape(it->second[view_index].second);
        }
    }
    return {};
}

ov::Shape GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_src_ggml_shape(int node_idx,
                                                       const std::string & name,
                                                       size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            auto * view_tensor = it->second[view_index].second;
            if (view_tensor && view_tensor->src[0]) {
                return get_shape(view_tensor->src[0]);
            }
        }
    }
    return {};
}

ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_ov_shape(int node_idx,
                                                        const std::string & name,
                                                        size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            auto * tensor = it->second[view_index].second;
            ov::PartialShape shape = ov::PartialShape{get_shape(tensor)};

            // Check if this tensor has a dynamic dimension
            auto dynamic_it = m_node_dynamic_dims.find(tensor);
            if (dynamic_it != m_node_dynamic_dims.end() && dynamic_it->second != -1) {
                int dynamic_dim_index = dynamic_it->second;
                // GGML uses reverse indexing, so convert to OpenVINO indexing
                shape[3 - dynamic_dim_index] = m_is_static ? get_static_n_tokens() : -1;
            }

            return shape;
        }
    }
    return {};
}

ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_src_ov_shape(int node_idx,
                                                            const std::string & name,
                                                            size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            auto * view_tensor = it->second[view_index].second;
            if (view_tensor && view_tensor->src[0]) {
                auto * src_tensor = view_tensor->src[0];
                ov::PartialShape shape = ov::PartialShape{get_shape(src_tensor)};

                // Check if this tensor has a dynamic dimension
                auto dynamic_it = m_node_dynamic_dims.find(src_tensor);
                if (dynamic_it != m_node_dynamic_dims.end() && dynamic_it->second != -1) {
                    int dynamic_dim_index = dynamic_it->second;
                    // GGML uses reverse indexing, so convert to OpenVINO indexing
                    shape[3 - dynamic_dim_index] = m_is_static ? get_static_n_tokens() : -1;
                }

                return shape;
            }
        }
    }
    return {};
}

std::string GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_name(int node_idx, const std::string & name, size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            return it->second[view_index].first;
        }
    }
    return "";
}

std::string GgmlOvDecoder::get_view_input_src_name(int node_idx, const std::string & name, size_t view_index) const {
    auto it = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.find(name);
    if (it != m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_views.end()) {
        if (view_index < it->second.size()) {
            auto * view_tensor = it->second[view_index].second;
            if (view_tensor && view_tensor->src[0]) {
                return get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, view_tensor->src[0]);
            }
        }
    }
    return "";
}

ov::element::Type GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_type(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
    return get_ov_type(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name));
}

size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_size() const {
    return m_model_inputs.size();
}

size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_size(int node_idx) const {
    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_names.size();
}

std::vector<std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_names(int node_idx) const {
    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs_names;
}

ov::PartialShape GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_shape(int node_idx) const {
    auto * ggml_tensor = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node;
    return ov::PartialShape(get_shape(ggml_tensor));
}

ov::element::Type GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_type(const int node_idx) const {
    return get_ov_type(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node);
}

std::vector<size_t> GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_stride(int node_idx) const {
    auto * ggml_tensor = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node;
    return get_stride(ggml_tensor);
}

std::vector<std::string> GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_names(int node_idx) const {
    return {m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_name};
}

std::string GgmlOvDecoder::get_inplace_op_src(int node_idx) const {
    auto * node = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node;
    if (!::is_inplace_op(node) || node->view_src == nullptr || ggml_nbytes(node) == 0) {
        return "";
    }
    const int op_case = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_op_case;
    if (node->op == GGML_OP_CPY && (op_case == 1 || op_case == 2 || op_case == 3) &&
        m_compute_params.s_copy_active_slot_len == -1) {
        return "";
    }
    return get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, node->view_src);
}

bool GgmlOvDecoder::is_view_like_alias_of(int node_idx, const std::string & view_src_name) const {
    auto * node = m_node_info_list[node_idx].node;
    if (node->view_src == nullptr || get_tensor_ov_name(m_cgraph, node->view_src) != view_src_name) {
        return false;
    }
    return node->op == GGML_OP_RESHAPE || node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW;
}

const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_name() const {
    static const std::string unknown_name = "UNKNOWN_OP_NAME";
    return unknown_name;
}

int32_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_dynamic_dim(int node_idx) const {
    auto it = m_node_dynamic_dims.find(m_node_info_list[node_idx].node);
    if (it == m_node_dynamic_dims.end()) {
        return -1;
    }
    return it->second;
}

const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_name(int node_idx) const {
    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_name;
}

int32_t * GgmlOvDecoder::get_input_op_params(int node_idx, const std::string & name) const {
    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_inputs.at(name)->op_params;
}

int32_t * GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_op_params(int node_idx) const {
    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node->op_params;
}

size_t GgmlOvDecoder::get_output_op_offset(int node_idx) const {
    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node->view_offs;
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::visit_subgraph(std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<GgmlDecoder>, int node_idx)> node_visitor) const {
    for (int node_idx = 0; node_idx < m_cgraph->n_nodes; node_idx++) {
        if (m_cgraph->nodes[node_idx]->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
            continue;
        }
        node_visitor(std::make_shared<GgmlOvDecoder>(*this), node_idx);
    }
}

std::string GgmlOvDecoder::compute_op_type(const ggml_tensor * node) {
    switch (node->op) {
    case GGML_OP_UNARY:
        return std::string("GGML_UNARY_OP_") + ggml_unary_op_name(ggml_get_unary_op(node));
    case GGML_OP_GLU:
        return std::string("GGML_GLU_OP_") + ggml_glu_op_name(ggml_get_glu_op(node));
    default:
        return std::string("GGML_OP_") + ggml_op_name(node->op);
    }
}

const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_type(int node_idx) const {
    return m_node_info_list[node_idx].node_op_type;
}

const std::string & GgmlOvDecoder::get_op_type() const {
    static const std::string unknown_op = "UNKNOWN_GGML_OP";
    return unknown_op;
}

void GgmlOvDecoder::compute_node_dynamic_dims() {
    auto visit_node = [&](auto && self, ggml_tensor * node) -> void {
        if (!node) {
            return;
        }

        if (node->op == GGML_OP_CPY) {
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
        }

        if (m_node_dynamic_dims.count(node)) {
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_SRC; i++) {
            ggml_tensor * src = node->src[i];
            if (src == nullptr) {
                continue;
            }
            struct ggml_tensor * root_src = nullptr;
            // if (src->org_src) {
            //     root_src = src->org_src;
            // }
            if (root_src) {
                if (is_inp_tok(root_src, node) || is_inp_pos(root_src, node) || is_output_idx(root_src, node)) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[root_src] = 0;
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[src] = m_node_dynamic_dims[root_src];
                    continue;
                }
                self(self, root_src);
                m_node_dynamic_dims[src] = m_node_dynamic_dims[root_src];
            } else {
                if (is_inp_tok(src, node) || is_inp_pos(src, node) || is_output_idx(src, node)) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[src] = 0;
                    continue;
                }
                if (node->op == GGML_OP_VIEW && src->op == GGML_OP_NONE && !is_stateful() && !m_model_is_splitted) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[src] = 1;
                    continue;
                }
                self(self, src);
            }
        }
        switch (node->op) {
        case GGML_OP_NONE:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            break;
        case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[1]] != -1) {
                auto dynamic_dim_idx = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[1]];
                if (dynamic_dim_idx == 0) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = 1;
                } else {
                    auto dynamic_dim_stride = node->src[1]->nb[dynamic_dim_idx] / ggml_type_size(node->src[1]->type) *
                                              ggml_type_size(node->src[0]->type);
                    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                        if (dynamic_dim_stride == node->src[0]->nb[i]) {
                            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = i;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                // OPENVINO_ASSERT(dynamic_dim_value == node->ne[m_node_dynamic_dims[node]],
                //                 "Dynamic dim value mismatch for node: " + std::string(node->name) +
                //                     " and its src[1]: " + std::string(node->src[1]->name));
            }
            break;
        case GGML_OP_MUL:
        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]] != -1) {
                m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
            }
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[1]] != -1) {
                m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[1]];
            }
            break;
        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]] != -1) {
                auto dynamic_dim_idx = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
                // auto dynamic_dim_value = node->src[0]->ne[dynamic_dim_idx];
                for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                    if (node->op_params[i] == dynamic_dim_idx) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                // OPENVINO_ASSERT(dynamic_dim_value == node->ne[m_node_dynamic_dims[node]],
                //                 "Dynamic dim value mismatch for node: " + std::string(node->name) +
                //                     " and its src[0]: " + std::string(node->src[0]->name));
            }
            break;
        case GGML_OP_VIEW: {
            // Use stride-based matching: the stride of a VIEW dimension directly
            // encodes which source dimension it indexes into, so it uniquely
            // identifies the dynamic dim even when two dims share the same size.
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]] != -1) {
                if (node->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_NONE) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
                    break;
                }
                auto dynamic_dim_idx = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
                auto dynamic_dim_value = node->src[0]->ne[dynamic_dim_idx];
                auto dynamic_dim_stride =
                    node->src[0]->nb[dynamic_dim_idx] / ggml_type_size(node->src[0]->type) * ggml_type_size(node->type);
                for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                    if (node->nb[i] == dynamic_dim_stride) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node] != -1 && dynamic_dim_value != node->ne[m_node_dynamic_dims[node]]) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
                    GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml-openvino: dynamic dim value mismatch for VIEW node '%s', src[0]: '%s'\n",
                                  node->name, node->src[0]->name);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE: {
            if (is_same_shape(node->src[0], node)) {
                m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
                break;
            }
            // RESHAPE requires src[0] to be contiguous, so both src and result
            // have standard compact strides: nb[i] = type_size * prod(ne[0..i-1]).
            // Match src->nb[dynamic_dim] against result->nb[i] to find the output
            // dimension whose flat-memory boundary aligns with the source dynamic
            // boundary. This is unambiguous (result strides are strictly monotone)
            // and handles merged-lower-dim cases that ne-value matching misses.
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]] != -1) {
                auto dynamic_dim_idx = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
                auto dynamic_dim_stride = node->src[0]->nb[dynamic_dim_idx];
                for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                    if (node->nb[i] == dynamic_dim_stride && node->ne[i] == node->src[0]->ne[dynamic_dim_idx]) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node] == -1) {
                    GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml-openvino: cannot determine dynamic dim for RESHAPE node '%s'\n", node->name);
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT: {
            // Output shape is hard-coded in ggml_flash_attn_ext as:
            //   ne = { v->ne[0], q->ne[2], q->ne[1], q->ne[3] }
            // i.e. output dim 0 <- v dim 0 (head_size, static)
            //      output dim 1 <- q dim 2 (n_heads,   static)
            //      output dim 2 <- q dim 1 (n_tokens,  potentially dynamic)
            //      output dim 3 <- q dim 3 (batch,     static)
            // Using the fixed q-dim -> output-dim mapping table.
            // q is src[0]; the mapping from q's dynamic dim to the output dim is:
            //   q dim 1 -> output dim 2
            //   q dim 2 -> output dim 1
            //   q dim 3 -> output dim 3
            //   q dim 0 -> output dim 0  (head_size axis, unlikely to be dynamic)
            constexpr int q_to_out[GGML_MAX_DIMS] = {0, 2, 1, 3};
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]] != -1) {
                auto q_dynamic_dim = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
                m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = q_to_out[q_dynamic_dim];
            }
            break;
        }
        case GGML_OP_CONT:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]] != -1) {
                auto dynamic_dim_idx = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
                if (ggml_are_same_shape(node, node->src[0])) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = dynamic_dim_idx;
                } else {
                    size_t src_logical_nb[GGML_MAX_DIMS];
                    src_logical_nb[0] = ggml_type_size(node->src[0]->type);
                    src_logical_nb[1] = src_logical_nb[0] * (node->src[0]->ne[0] / ggml_blck_size(node->src[0]->type));
                    for (int i = 2; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                        src_logical_nb[i] = src_logical_nb[i - 1] * node->src[0]->ne[i - 1];
                    }

                    auto dynamic_dim_stride = src_logical_nb[dynamic_dim_idx] / ggml_type_size(node->src[0]->type) *
                                              ggml_type_size(node->type);
                    int matched_dim_count = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                        if (node->nb[i] == dynamic_dim_stride && node->ne[i] == node->src[0]->ne[dynamic_dim_idx]) {
                            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = i;
                            matched_dim_count++;
                        }
                    }
                    if (matched_dim_count != 1) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
                        GGML_LOG_WARN("ggml-openvino: cannot determine dynamic dim for CONT node '%s', src[0]: '%s'\n",
                                      node->name, node->src[0]->name);
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
            for (int i = 0; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; i++) {
                if (node->src[0]->ne[i] != node->ne[i]) {
                    m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = i;
                    break;
                }
            }
            break;
        case GGML_OP_SSM_CONV:
        case GGML_OP_GATED_DELTA_NET:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = 1;
            break;
        case GGML_OP_RMS_NORM:
        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
        case GGML_OP_NORM:
        case GGML_OP_ADD:
        case GGML_OP_SUB:
        case GGML_OP_GLU:
        case GGML_OP_ROPE:
        case GGML_OP_SCALE:
        case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
        case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
        case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
        case GGML_OP_UNARY:
        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
        case GGML_OP_FILL:
        case GGML_OP_SET:
        case GGML_OP_DIAG:
        case GGML_OP_TRI:
        case GGML_OP_REPEAT:
        // Shape-preserving elementwise ops: the dynamic dim is unchanged from src[0].
        // DIV/CLAMP are used in the MoE routing-weight normalization
        // (sum_rows -> clamp -> div). If they are left untracked here the dynamic
        // (token) dim is lost there, the captured prefill token count gets baked into
        // the downstream reshapes, and every decoder layer after layer 0 turns static
        // (which then triggers the GPU in-place-concat KV-cache corruption).
        case GGML_OP_DIV:
        case GGML_OP_CLAMP:
        case GGML_OP_PAD:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
            break;
        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
            // SUM_ROWS reduces ggml axis 0 to size 1 and preserves all other axes, so the
            // dynamic dim is preserved unless it was axis 0 (then it is summed away).
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] =
                (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]] == 0) ? -1 : m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[0]];
            break;
        case GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID:
        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[1]];
            break;
        case GGML_OP_CPY:
        case GGML_OP_SET_ROWS:
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            break;
        case GGML_OP_IM2COL: {
            m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = -1;
            if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[1]] != -1) {
                const bool is_2D = node->op_params[6] == 1;
                const int src_dyn = m_node_dynamic_dims[node->src[1]];
                if (is_2D) {
                    if (src_dyn == 0) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = 1;  // IW -> OW
                    } else if (src_dyn == 1) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = 2;  // IH -> OH
                    } else if (src_dyn == 3) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = 3;  // N  -> N
                    }
                } else {
                    if (src_dyn == 0) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = 1;  // IW -> OW
                    } else if (src_dyn == 2) {
                        m_node_dynamic_dims[node] = 2;  // N  -> N  (1D: b->ne[2] is the batch/channel dim)
                    }
                }
                if (m_node_dynamic_dims[node] != -1) {
                    OPENVINO_ASSERT(node->src[1]->ne[src_dyn] == node->ne[m_node_dynamic_dims[node]],
                                    "Dynamic dim value mismatch for IM2COL node: " + std::string(node->name) +
                                        " and its src[1]: " + std::string(node->src[1]->name));
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("ggml-openvino: compute_node_dynamic_dims: unhandled op %s for node '%s'\n",
                           ggml_op_name(node->op), node->name);
            break;
        }
    };

    for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
        ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
        visit_node(visit_node, node);
    }

    // print the nodes in m_cgraph name & shape with the dynamic dim (the dynamic dim is the dimension with -1 in m_node_dynamic_dims) for debugging
    if (0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < m_cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
            ggml_tensor * node = m_cgraph->nodes[i];
            int dynamic_dim = m_node_dynamic_dims[node];
            std::cout << "[" << i << "] " << "node_name: " << node->name << " op: " << ggml_op_name(node->op)
                      << " shape: [";
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
                if (j == dynamic_dim) {
                    std::cout << "*";
                } else {
                    std::cout << node->ne[j];
                }
                if (j < 3) {
                    std::cout << ", ";
                }
            }
            std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
            // print the src name & shape with the dynamic dim for debugging
            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_MAX_SRC; j++) {
                ggml_tensor * src = node->src[j];
                if (src == nullptr) {
                    continue;
                }
                int src_dynamic_dim = m_node_dynamic_dims[src];
                std::cout << "    [" << j << "] src_name: " << src->name << " [";
                for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) {
                    if (k == src_dynamic_dim) {
                        std::cout << "*";
                    } else {
                        std::cout << src->ne[k];
                    }
                    if (k < 3) {
                        std::cout << ", ";
                    }
                }
                std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
            }
            std::cout << std::endl;
        }
    }
}